How To Choose Pressure Relief Cushions

By Maryanne Goff


Pressure relief cushions are important for those who spend their time sitting in wheelchairs. These long periods of sitting cause compression of skin and tissue between bones and the surface of a chair, resulting in circulation problems. Use of these products can help to keep the skin healthy, reduce shear force and help with stability.

When skin and tissue are compressed between bone and the chair, the blood cannot circulate properly and oxygen and nutrient supply to the cells decreases. Weight bearing bones near the skin surface, like the buttocks, are particularly at risk. This may result in ulcers that can be very serious, leading to hospitalization and surgery. Shear force occurs when the skin and tissue are pulled in different directions, such as when an individual slides down in the chair.

Each and every individual will have different requirements when it comes to choosing a cushion. A clinical professional will be able to assist with making the right choice. Specific factors such as how much time is spent in a chair, how much the user moves around, stability of posture and nature of a disability must all be taken into consideration.

The wheelchair and cushion must work together. There are many sizes and depth of cushions available. The correct one has to be chosen to ensure that when the individual is sitting on the cushion, the height is correct in relation to the armrests and the back of the chair.

There are many different types of materials used for these products. Foam, air, gel and water are all used for their ability to distribute pressure, allowing blood to circulate freely, limiting edema and enhancing healing. These materials all have different qualities with regard to stability, heat conduction, moisture absorption, weight and cost.

A foam cushion is one of the least expensive options and it comes in a range of densities and varying degrees of memory. If the foam is cross cut, contoured or convoluted, it allows greater conformity so that the surface moves with the user. As it is relatively inexpensive and easy to cut, a therapist can experiment with shapes without incurring too much expense. On the downside it does wear down more quickly than other materials, losing its shape and becoming compressed.

Air filled cushions are comfortable and widely used. Those with pumps that allow rows of cells filled with air to inflate and deflate, thus alternating the point of pressure, are particularly effective. The main disadvantage is that an air cushion has to be checked regularly to make sure that it is properly inflated.

A gel cushion provides excellent weight distribution as it conforms to the shape of the body. It is very comfortable and it helps keep the surface temperature of the skin cool. A disadvantage is its weight as portability is important for users who frequently have to lift in and out of a wheelchair and a car.

Pressure relief cushions vary in cost, depending on materials used and complexity of construction. Various facts need to be considered when making a purchase including durability, ease of cleaning, comfort and effectiveness. A more expensive item may be more cost effective in the long term.




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